Solar cell H ATR-FTIR Active layers Photoluminescence 4-ethylenedioxypyrrole Titanium dioxide XPS L ADDITIVE E171 Planar heterojunctions J-C CIGS Alkali A Interfaces Thin films Band diagram Ambipolar organic layer ALPHA-AMYLASE E171 Arzel Alternative buffers Characterization Reverse bias 34-propylenedioxypiyrrole Bond valence excess 4-ethylenedioxythiophene Buffer layers 31P NMR Aqueous colloidal solution M Electropolymerization Molybdenum oxide A Fullerenes Atomic force microscopy Band-gap Organic solar cell Electrical properties Back contact ABSORPTION Epitaxy Sodium PVD Alpha-sexithiophene BaTiO3 BTO Ftouhi Fill factor Silicon A Thin films Photoemission spectroscopy Organic photovoltaic cells Lamkaouane CuIn Anatase Solar cells Thin film Absorption spectroscopy Addou Organic solar cells Actinide conditioning 2D nanomaterials Molybdenum trioxide Band gap gradient ADSORPTION Aluminum-doped zinc oxide Bernède B Vapour deposition Buffer layer Copper indium gallium selenide Photovoltaics Ambipolar material A ITO free electrode Alkali fluoride postdeposition treatments Anode buffer layer Surface morphology Anode CIGSe Planar heterojunction Thin-film solar cells Tandem solar cells Partial shading Alternative module structure Nanoparticles X-ray diffraction Interfaces Band alignment Adsorption Aluminum phthalocyanine chloride N-doping Cattin TIO2 4-propylenedioxythiophene Aminofluorene thiophene derivatives Aniline and thiophene derivatives Anatase colloidal solution for printing Absorption Raman GaSe2